Needs for Pediatric Palliative Care among Parents of Children with Complex Chronic Conditions

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for pediatric palliative care (PPC) among parents of children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and to investigate differences in the needs for PPC according to their general characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 28 and May 18, 2018. Parents (N=96) who had a child under 18 years with a CCC were recruited. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The overall average need for PPC was 3.58±0.33 out of 4.00. In terms of care for the subjects' children, the highest need was physical care, followed by psychosocial and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, preservation of physical function received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for seizure control. In terms of care for the subjects themselves, the highest need was for psychosocial care, followed by bereavement and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, communication received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for smooth communication with medical staff. Differences in needs for PPC according to participants' general characteristics were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Medical staff should provide PPC according to the priorities of parents' perceived needs.

Pediatric Hospice and Palliative Care / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

No abstract available.

Development and Validation of a Computerized Exercise Intervention Program for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea

This study was designed to develop and validate a computerized exercise intervention program using the transtheoretical model (TTM) for Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This computerized program was web-based and developed by designing a flow chart. An expert group (n=24), who validated the content of the computerized program, produced a mean score for the evaluation scale of 4.25 (SD .56). Of the patients (n=28) with type 2 DM who participated in clinical validity testing of the program, the mean score for the satisfaction scale was 4.82 (SD .12). In the validation of the program, significant differences between baseline and after-intervention were observed in the stage of readiness for exercise (Z=-3.78, p < 0.001), physical activity (Z=-2.33, p < 0.05), blood glucose profiles [FBS (Z=-2.84, p < 0.01), pc 2hr. glucose (Z=-2.33, p < 0.05), HbA1c (Z=-2.77, p < 0.01) ], and VO2max (Z=-2.52, p < 0.01). The study confirmed that the computerized program could be used to construct a database and continue to provide follow-up intervention for patients in all stages.

Grief Stages and Responses of Bereaved Mother Who Lost Her Children with Cancer / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a bereaved family care program by identifying characteristics of a grief healing process in a child loss. METHOD: The subjects were five bereaved mothers who have lost their children with cancer. Data was collected with in-depth interviews using grief phase assessment tool and grief reaction assessment tool from 1, February, 2001 to 31 August, 2002. Data was analyzed on the basis of two tools. RESULT: Process of grief in general was as follows: evading phase was within one week - one month, confrontation phase was 5 - 12 months, and reconciliation phase was after 9 months and still going on when the study was finished. Grief reaction in five (physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual) dimensions was stabilized when the phase moved into reconciliation phase. Influencing factors were intimacy and expectation towards child, social support, personality, prior loss experience, coping style, religion, culture, family cohesion, openness of communication, and stress events. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a bereaved family care program considering characteristics of Korean culture should be developed and activated.

The Effects of Planned Exercise Program on Metabolism, Cardiopulmonary Function and Exercise Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients / 간호학회지

This study was conducted to identify the effects of a planned exercise program based on Bandura's self efficacy model on metabolism, and the exercise compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was a nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. Thirty four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic, were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. In the experimental group, a planned exercise program is composed of an individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks, an individual education, and even a telephone coach program. In the case of the control group, they were instructed to continue with their usual schedules. The data collection period was from March 1999 to February 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0program. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, the level of fasting blood sugar has significantly decreased from 188.20 mg/dl to 155.55 mg/dl after planned exercise program (F= 16.86, p=.000). For lipid metabolism, body fat per cutaneous decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after planned exercise program. The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after planned exercise program and it was statistically significant (F=4.850, p=.040) The functional vital capacity has increased from 3.28 liter to 3.37 liter and it was statistically significant(F=7.300, p=.020). 2. In an after effect of a planned exercise program, 35 percent of the subjects who participated in a planned exercise program continued to exercise for another six months. In conclusion, the planned exercise program can improve cardiopulmonary function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. This program was show a positive effect on the self efficacy and exercise compliance.

Effects and Compliance of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise using Biofeedback in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence

No abstract available in English.

The Development of Exercise Therapy Protocol Applied to an Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients / 기본간호학회지

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have chronic metabolic disorder and they need self care for their lifetime. But most Diabetes Mellitus patients don't know how to do a self care due to the lack of adequate support from health care professionals. It has been reported that lack of exercise therapy compliance guide is very important one. This study was conducted to develop an exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program based on Bandura's self efficacy model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Firstly, a conceptual framework was developed through efficacy expectation promoting program based on Bandura's self efficacy model. In order to identify the contents of program and to design a preliminary protocol, a with the consultation experts was made. A clinical validity was tested using twenty type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic from October, 1998 to May, 2000. After this process, the final protocol was developed. The results of this study are summarized as bellows : The final exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients consists of individualized exercise test and prescription, a small booklet relating personal experience with Diabetes Mellitus and a telephone coaching program for 12 weeks on performance accomplishment, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. It is concluded that the exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program is applicable to type 2 diabetes mellitus. And this exercise therapy protocol could show a positive effect on the exercise compliance of Diabetes Mellitus patients.

The Trends of Nursing Research in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing / 간호학회지

This study examined all the research published in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (JKAN) for last 30 years, from its beginning year to year 1999, based on an objective frame of evaluation. The purpose of this study is to reflect the trend of nursing research in Korea to date, and to provide an optimal direction for future research. The total number of 959 studies were analyzed with the following results. 1. Since 1990s, the number of non-degree based research has been larger than that of degree-based research compared to 1970s and 1980s. Both collaborative and funded research has been particularly increased in a gradual rate. 2. Research on nurses or nursing students has decreased while research on more diverse populations such as patients, patient families, or community-dwelling healthy clients has increased. 3. While essential nursing concepts such as human, nursing, and health have been consistently dealt as main research topics, research related to the concept of environ- ment has been insufficiently conducted. 4. It was remarkable that the quality of nursing research has been improved due to the acknowledgement of the importance of the empirical research method within the nursing community. 5. Qualitative research has appeared in the journal since the late 1990s, but it is still regarded to be in its novice stage. 6. Although the utilization of research findings for expanding the nursing body of knowledge has been wide in diverse specialties, most studies are limited to focus on concept development or evolution yet. also, in some of these research finding are utilization already considerably as to develop nursing interventions. Based on these findings, conclusions are extended to the following discussions: For the last 30 years, nursing research in Korea has shown an acute methodological development in both quantity and quality. However, there has been a lack of research on theory development although it is one of the ultimate goals in nursing. Further research should be empirical enough to be utilized in an actual nursing care context, and thus to be basis of developing culturally competent nursing theories in Korea.

Study on the Development of Nursing Information System about Drugs / 대한의료정보학회지

The purpose of this study was to develop an information system about drugs. The Joint Application Design Method which is popular in developing information systems was used. This system will be useful for the health care personnel and nursing students with easy access to information by using computer. The user requirements for this system were collected and analyzed through a survey of 50 nurses in a hospital and 30 students at a school of nursing. Based on this analysis, the specific contents were designed. The characteristics of this system as follows. Firstly it is the fast searching function which uses not only names of drugs(generic name, functional name, commercial name), but also names of diseases. Secondly, it is the function which maintains an updated database by the way of adding, updating and deleting the data. Thirdly, this system is useful for the education. In teaching and learning process, Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) is considered as one of the outstanding method bacause the individual differences in learners are respected and thus educational effect in pharmacology is expected.

A Study on Nursing Equipment Development in Male Patients with Urinary Incontinence

No abstract available.

The Effect of Shift Directions of Clinical Nurses on the circadian Rhythm / 기본간호학회지

The circadian system represents a temporal order which is mediated by the mutual coupling of oscillators and by the synchronizing effects of zeitgebers. It is known that well-being of man depends partly on the maintenance of this order, and that repeated or long lasting disturbances to it such as shift work will cause harmful effects. This study was a quasi-experimental study to test the effect of shift directions for the clinical nurses on the circadian rhythm. Fourteen nurses working at the general units of Y hospital were selected according to the established criteria. Fourteen subjects were assigned to a weekly shift but the directions of shift work were phase delay first and then phase advance or vice versa. Oral temperature, total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, mental performance, and physical symptom were measured during these days except holidays. The data collection period was from April 26, 1993 to July 3, 1993. MANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Having worked on evening and night shifts in either phase delay or phase advance schedules, temperature rhythms of shift workers were gradually adapted to the new sleep-wake cycles. A complete adaptation to work on the night shift was achieved the sixth day of the night shift in the phase delay schedule compared to the partial adaptation to the work on the night shift in the phase advance schedule. Accordingly, by putting evening shift between day and night shifts, it will be possible for circadian rhythm to adapt easily to the night shift. 2. There were differences in the total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, and physical symptom except for mental performance between night shift and day, evening shift. This indicates further that shift workers working on the night shift have a hard time adapting to the shift work compared to the other shifts. 3. Evaluating all the acrophases of temperature rhythm either in phase delay or phase advance schedules, it was shown that night to evening shift in the phase advance schedule revealed the smallest phase move. Also phase advance schedule showed poorer adaptation to shift work than phase delay schedule in connection with total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, mental performance, and physical symptom. It is suggested, taken together, these findings reflect that phase delay schedule facilitated the degree of adjustment to the shift work compared to the phase advance schedule.

Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Ca-ATPase System of Rat Liver Mitochondria with Special Attention to the Effects of pH and Temperature

The activity of Mg++-dependent, Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) of rat liver mitochondria was studied at varying medium compositions, pH and temperatures. The enzyme system was characteristically sensitive to Ca++ concentration with a KmCa of approximately 0.06 mM. The optimal concentration of Mg was about l mM, above which the enzyme activity was progressively inhibited. The inhibitory effect of high Mg++ concentrations appeared to be due to the alteration of the Mg++/ATP ratio. Variations in the Mg++/ATP ratio affected Vmax but not the KmATP. The pH optimum for enzyme activity increased as the incubation temperature decreased, but the optimal OH-/H+ ratio of the medium was constant at around 0.1, regardless of temperature. The activity of the enzyme was not affected by La# (0.01-1 mM) and Ruthenium red (2.5-10.0 microM). These results indicate that 1) the enzymatic characteristics of the Ca-ATPase system in the rat liver mitochondria is typical of those from other tissue preparations, 2) the enzyme system maintains the most effective catalytic conformation at a fixed level of OH-/H+ ratio of 0.1 when the temperature changes, and 3) the enzyme system may not play a role in the physiological transport of Ca++ in mitochondria.

Changes in Rena1 Na-K-ATPase Activity and PAH Transport Kinetics in Uninephrectomized Rats and Cold Exposed Hamsters

Renal Na+, K+-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) activity and the p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport kinetics were studied in uninephrectomized rats and cold exposed hamsters. In rats, the specific activity of renal Na-K-ATPase increased by approximately 50% in one week after uninephrectomy and remained more or less constant during the next three weeks. The capacity (Jmax) of PAH influx into the renal cortical slice was sharply increased in one week after nephrectomy, but after which it returned to the control level. In cold exposed hamsters, the specific activity of renal Na-K-ATPase did not increase until 48 days of cold exposure at which time it reached approximately 50% above the control level. On the other hand, the Jmax of PAH influx increased by about 80% in 10 days of co1d exposure and somewhat declined thereafter. These results suggest that PAH active transport in the renal slice is not ratelimited by the activity of Na-K-ATPase under physiological conditions.